Which system includes the adrenal gland and pancreas?

The endocrine system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones that control various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and mood. The adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, secrete hormones such as cortisol, which help the body respond to stress, as well as hormones that regulate blood pressure and metabolism. The pancreas plays a critical role in both the digestive system and the endocrine system; it produces insulin and glucagon, which are essential for regulating blood sugar levels.

Understanding the functions of the adrenal glands and pancreas clarifies their inclusion in the endocrine system. This system is distinct from the digestive system, which primarily focuses on the breakdown and absorption of food, the excretory system that deals with waste removal, and the circulatory system, which is responsible for the transport of blood and nutrients throughout the body. Each system has its unique components and roles, but hormones produced by the endocrine system, including those from the adrenal glands and pancreas, have widespread effects on overall health and body function.