What occurs when the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears?

The condition where the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears is known as a hang nail. A hang nail occurs when the cuticle or the skin around the nail becomes dry, leading to a separation at the edge of the nail. This can happen from various factors, such as excessive moisture, exposure to harsh chemicals, or other environmental conditions that cause the skin to become brittle. When this happens, the skin may lift up and can easily tear, resulting in pain and discomfort.

In contrast to the other options, which refer to different nail-related conditions, a hang nail specifically describes the tearing or splitting of skin around the nail. Nail folds relate to the edges of the skin surrounding the nail itself, bruised nail beds refer to discoloration typically associated with trauma, and leukonychia involves white spots or lines on the nails, which are not connected to the surrounding skin issues like a hang nail is. Understanding the characteristics and causes of a hang nail is essential for proper nail care and management.